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Related Concept Videos

Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a virus that...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
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Microbial Interactions: Competition

Microbial competition is an ecological interaction in which microorganisms vie for limited resources within shared environments. These resources may include nutrients, space, or light, depending on the system. The intensity and outcome of competition are influenced by the environmental context, such as nutrient availability, spatial constraints, and the diversity of microbial species present. These competitive interactions significantly influence the structure, function, and resilience of...
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...

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Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus
10:49

Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus

Published on: January 28, 2019

Rotavirus-host cell interactions: an arms race.

Susana López1, Carlos F Arias

  • 1Departamento de Génetica del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico. susana@ibt.unam.mx

Current Opinion in Virology
|June 5, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Viruses, like rotaviruses, hijack cellular machinery for replication and protein synthesis. This review explores viral strategies to overcome cellular defenses and metabolic responses during infection.

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Published on: April 12, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Metabolism

Background:

  • Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites relying on host cell machinery.
  • Host cells possess defense mechanisms to eliminate viral invaders.
  • Viruses have evolved strategies to counteract host defenses and utilize cellular resources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review rotavirus strategies for hijacking cellular protein synthesis.
  • To examine how rotaviruses manage cellular stress and antiviral responses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of viral hijacking mechanisms.
  • Analysis of host-pathogen interactions in rotavirus infections.

Main Results:

  • Rotaviruses employ specific tactics to control host translation.
  • Viral strategies involve manipulating cellular stress responses.
  • Understanding these interactions reveals key viral and cellular components.

Conclusions:

  • Rotaviruses effectively exploit host cell protein synthesis for replication.
  • Viruses develop sophisticated mechanisms to evade cellular antiviral defenses.