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A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
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Age differences in the frontoparietal cognitive control network: implications for distractibility.

Karen L Campbell1, Cheryl L Grady, Charisa Ng

  • 1Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada. k.campbell@utoronto.ca

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Older adults struggle more with distractions due to age-related cognitive control declines. Reduced functional connectivity in the frontoparietal network contributes to their increased distractibility and implicit memory for irrelevant information.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Older adults exhibit diminished suppression of distracting stimuli.
  • Age-related declines in frontal control mechanisms are linked to increased distractibility.
  • Implicit memory for distractors is greater in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age differences in neural mechanisms of attentional control.
  • To examine the relationship between neural activity, distractibility, and memory for distractions.
  • To explore the role of the frontoparietal network in age-related distractibility.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed to study younger and older adults.
  • Participants performed a 1-back task on visual stimuli (letters or objects) while ignoring superimposed distractors.
  • Multivariate and functional connectivity analyses were conducted on fMRI data.

Main Results:

  • Older adults demonstrated greater distraction by words and showed enhanced subsequent implicit memory for them.
  • Younger adults exhibited greater activation in the rostral prefrontal cortex (PFC) and inferior parietal cortex during distraction suppression.
  • Reduced functional connectivity within the frontoparietal network was observed in older adults.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related distractibility is associated with reduced activation and connectivity within a frontoparietal cognitive control network.
  • Declines in frontoparietal network coherence may underlie older adults' impaired ability to ignore distractions.
  • These findings highlight neural network changes contributing to cognitive control deficits in aging.