Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
What is Population Genetics?01:25

What is Population Genetics?

A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes02:45

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female Drosophila...
Genetic Screens02:46

Genetic Screens

Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which result in visible changes...
Incomplete Dominance01:43

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
Dosage Compensation02:50

Dosage Compensation

In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with  distinct numbers of X chromosomes will have...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Relationships Between Multi-Dimensional Sleep Composites and Cognition in Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Sleep·2026
Same author

Multiscale analysis and functional validation of the cellular and genetic determinants of skeletal disease.

Nature genetics·2026
Same author

Parental body mass index and offspring childhood body size and eating behaviour: A structural equation modelling analysis in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study.

PLoS medicine·2026
Same author

Multiscale analysis and functional validation of the cellular and genetic determinants of skeletal disease.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Using human genetics to understand the effect of modulating targets of antihypertensive drugs in pregnancy.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

A biologically informed framework for instrument selection in dietary Mendelian randomization using chemosensory genetics.

BMC medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Digital PCR-based Competitive Index for High-throughput Analysis of Fitness in Salmonella
07:11

Digital PCR-based Competitive Index for High-throughput Analysis of Fitness in Salmonella

Published on: May 13, 2019

Power calculations in genetic studies.

David M Evans, Shaun Purcell

    Cold Spring Harbor Protocols
    |June 5, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary

    Statistical power is the probability of detecting a true effect, crucial for study success. Understanding power calculations aids in designing robust genetic studies and interpreting results, especially for whole-genome association studies.

    Area of Science:

    • Statistics
    • Genetics
    • Bioinformatics

    Background:

    • Statistical power determines a study's ability to detect a true effect when the null hypothesis is false.
    • It is influenced by effect size, sample size, study design, and the desired false-positive rate.
    • Power calculations are essential during study planning, particularly for sample size determination, and aid in interpreting negative results.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the fundamentals of statistical power.
    • To explain power calculations using a genetic case/control study example.
    • To discuss factors influencing power in genetic research and whole-genome association studies.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of statistical power principles.
    • Illustrative power calculation using a genetic case/control study.

    More Related Videos

    Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information
    09:37

    Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information

    Published on: August 15, 2019

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 21, 2026

    Digital PCR-based Competitive Index for High-throughput Analysis of Fitness in Salmonella
    07:11

    Digital PCR-based Competitive Index for High-throughput Analysis of Fitness in Salmonella

    Published on: May 13, 2019

    Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information
    09:37

    Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information

    Published on: August 15, 2019

  • Discussion of power considerations in whole-genome association studies (WGAS).

    • Main Results:

    • Statistical power is a critical metric for ensuring study validity and the detection of true biological effects.
    • Power is influenced by multiple factors, necessitating careful consideration during study design.
    • Specific challenges in WGAS, such as coverage and multiple testing, significantly impact power.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding and calculating statistical power is fundamental for designing effective genetic studies.
    • Power analysis is vital for interpreting study outcomes, especially negative results.
    • Modern genetic studies, like WGAS, require advanced power considerations due to their complexity.