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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
10:28

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

[Forgotten hepatitis: the hepatitis E].

J-P Bru1

  • 1Centre hospitalier de la région d'Annecy, Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Av. de l'Hôpital I, Metz-Tessy, 74374 Pringy, France. jpbru@ch-annecy.fr

Revue Medicale Suisse
|June 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) causes hepatitis, leading to outbreaks in areas with poor sanitation and sporadic cases in developed countries. Pregnant women face high mortality, and no specific treatment or vaccine is currently available.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2026

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
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A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

Surface Functionalization of Hepatitis E Virus Nanoparticles Using Chemical Conjugation Methods
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Surface Functionalization of Hepatitis E Virus Nanoparticles Using Chemical Conjugation Methods

Published on: May 11, 2018

Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells
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Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Context:

  • Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) is a significant public health concern globally.
  • It is enterically transmitted, causing endemicity and outbreaks in regions with inadequate sanitation.
  • In developed countries, HEV presents as a zoonosis, causing sporadic cases and appearing in returning travelers.

Purpose:

  • To summarize the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of Hepatitis E.
  • To highlight the particular risks associated with HEV infection, especially in pregnant women.
  • To underscore the current limitations in treatment and prevention strategies for HEV.

Summary:

  • Hepatitis E, caused by HEV, manifests clinically like other acute viral hepatitis, with a 1-4% risk of fulminant hepatitis.
  • Pregnant women exhibit a notably high mortality rate from HEV infection.
  • Diagnosis involves serological tests and PCR; chronic infections occur in immunocompromised individuals. No specific therapy or vaccine exists.

Impact:

  • Understanding HEV's transmission and risk factors is crucial for public health interventions.
  • The high mortality in pregnant women necessitates targeted prevention and management strategies.
  • The lack of specific treatments and vaccines highlights the need for further research and development.