Morbidity and mortality of acute myocardial infarction in and around Aligarh
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A Ramani1, N L Bilgrami, S Kumar
1Department of Medicine, JN Medical College, Aligarh.
Insights
This study on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) found the highest incidence in males aged 51-60. Smokers and diabetics faced significantly higher mortality rates from AMI.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide.
- Understanding the epidemiological characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of AMI is crucial for effective public health strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the incidence, complications, and mortality patterns of acute myocardial infarction.
- To investigate the influence of demographic factors, lifestyle, and comorbidities on AMI outcomes.
Main Methods:
- A 6-year retrospective study of 341 AMI cases admitted to JN Medical College Hospital, Aligarh.
- Data collected on patient demographics, smoking habits, occupation, and presence of risk factors like hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes mellitus.
- Analysis of in-hospital complications and mortality rates.
Main Results:
- AMI incidence was 9 per 1000 hospital admissions, with a peak in the 51-60 age group and a 7:1 male to female ratio.
- Sedentary workers and smokers showed the highest incidence. Cardiac complications occurred in 43.4% of patients, primarily cardiac failure.
- Overall in-hospital mortality was 11.41%, with significantly higher rates in diabetics (21.43%) and smokers (p < 0.01).
Conclusions:
- Demographic and lifestyle factors significantly influence AMI incidence and mortality.
- Diabetes mellitus and smoking are critical risk factors associated with increased AMI mortality.
- Targeted interventions for smoking cessation and diabetes management are essential for reducing AMI mortality.
Abstract:
A 6-year retrospective study of 341 cases of acute myocardial infarction admitted to JN Medical College Hospital, Aligarh in respect of the incidence, complications and mortality in relation to age, sex, religion, smoking habit occupation and risk factors was made. The incidence was found to be 9 per 1000 hospital admissions. Maximum number of cases was in the age group of 51-60 years and male to female ratio was 7:1. There was no significant difference in incidence and mortality between Hindus and Muslims of both sexes. Highest incidence was noted among sedentary workers and smokers. Hypercholesterolaemia was found in only 17.01% cases, the rest having normal serum cholesterol levels. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were associated in 24.05% and 12.32% cases respectively. Cardiac complications were noted in 43.4% of patients, the commonest being cardiac failure. Overall in-hospital mortality was observed to be 11.41% of which 79.49% had cardiac complications. Diabetics had significantly (p less than 0.05) higher mortality rate (21.43%) as compared to non-diabetics. Smokers had higher mortality rate compared to non-smokers (p less than 0.01). Although those with hypertension and with hypercholesterolaemia had higher mortality, the results were not statistically significant. The average day of expiry after acute myocardial infarction was 3.82 days during hospital stay.