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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
Directionality of Nuclear Transport01:42

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Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...
Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Energy to Drive Translocation

Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly synthesized precursors are bound by cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp70 family, which guide them to the import receptors on the mitochondrial surface. Utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis, Hsp70 chaperones transfer these precursors to the TOM receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane.
Generally, polypeptides are unfolded by two distinct...
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...

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Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization
15:22

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization

Published on: April 3, 2014

Thermal diffusion of nucleotides.

Zilin Wang1, Hartmut Kriegs, Simone Wiegand

  • 1ICS-Soft Condensed Matter, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52428 Jülich, Germany. zil.wang@fz-juelich.de

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|June 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores thermal diffusion in nucleotide solutions using infrared thermal diffusion forced Rayleigh scattering. Nucleotide properties influence thermal diffusion, correlating with thermal expansion and viscosity.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Biophysical Chemistry

Background:

  • Nucleotides are fundamental biomolecules with diverse structures and properties.
  • Understanding their behavior in solution is crucial for various scientific disciplines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the thermal diffusion behavior of aqueous nucleotide solutions.
  • To correlate thermal diffusion with nucleotide properties like acidity and hydrophobicity.
  • To explore relationships between thermal diffusion coefficients and physical parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized infrared thermal diffusion forced Rayleigh scattering (IR-TDFRS) setup.
  • Studied five distinct nucleotides: adenosine monophosphate, guanosine monophosphate, 5'-adenosine monophosphate, 5'-cytidine monophosphate, and adenosine diphosphate.
  • Analyzed aqueous solutions of these nucleotides.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated varying thermal diffusion behaviors among different nucleotides.
  • Established a connection between nucleotide structure-property relationships and their thermal diffusion.
  • Identified a correlation between the thermal diffusion coefficient and the ratio of thermal expansion coefficient to kinematic viscosity.

Conclusions:

  • Nucleotide structure significantly impacts thermal diffusion in aqueous solutions.
  • The findings provide insights into the physical chemistry of nucleotides.
  • A predictive correlation for thermal diffusion behavior was observed, similar to other molecular systems.