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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...

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Updated: May 21, 2026

Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR
13:04

Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR

Published on: March 1, 2019

Genome regulation by long noncoding RNAs.

John L Rinn1, Howard Y Chang

  • 1Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. john_rinn@harvard.edu

Annual Review of Biochemistry
|June 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression, forming ribonucleoprotein complexes that influence chromatin. These molecules are crucial for gene control across all life forms.

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Published on: April 10, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • The central dogma describes DNA to RNA to protein synthesis.
  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are newly discovered RNA transcripts that do not code for proteins.
  • lncRNAs offer new insights into RNA's role in gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss genome-scale strategies for discovering and characterizing lncRNAs.
  • To highlight the emerging roles of lncRNAs in gene regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-scale strategies for lncRNA discovery.
  • Characterization of lncRNA interactions with chromatin regulators.
  • Analysis of lncRNA function in ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs form extensive networks with chromatin regulators.
  • lncRNAs target enzymatic activities to specific genomic locations.
  • lncRNAs act as modular scaffolds for RNP complexes and chromatin states.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs play critical roles in higher-order organization of RNP complexes and chromatin.
  • lncRNAs are essential for proper gene control in all kingdoms of life.
  • The study of lncRNAs provides a new perspective on gene regulation.