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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Cancer Survival Analysis01:21

Cancer Survival Analysis

Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
Mouse Models of Cancer Study02:43

Mouse Models of Cancer Study

Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
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Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
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Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
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Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cancer Drug Sensitization In Vitro and In Vivo
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Published on: February 6, 2015

Selenium and cancer prevention: observations and complexity.

Eystein Glattre1, Jan F Nygård, Jan Aaseth

  • 1Cancer Registry of Norway, Post-Box 5313, Majorstuen, N-0304 Oslo, Norway. eyst-g@online.no

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology : Organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS)
|June 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Selenium (Se) may not reduce thyroid cancer risk, as low levels might be a consequence of the disease. Definitive answers require complex intervention studies, which are challenging to conduct.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Early studies suggested selenium (Se) species may reduce cancer risk.
  • A 1986 study indicated lower thyroid cancer odds with higher serum Se concentrations.
  • However, this association was observed late in the pre-diagnostic period, suggesting low Se is a consequence of thyroid cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between selenium levels and thyroid cancer risk.
  • To determine if selenium supplementation could definitively reduce thyroid cancer incidence.
  • To address the complexity of thyroid cancer morbidity and its impact on study outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of early case-control and intervention studies.
  • Analysis of a pre-diagnostic case-control study from 1986.
  • Consideration of the limitations of randomized controlled trials for complex variables.

Main Results:

  • The inverse relationship between serum Se and thyroid cancer risk was found to be a late-stage consequence of the disease.
  • Thyroid cancer morbidity is a complex, fractal variable, complicating definitive research findings.
  • Randomized controlled trials may only provide temporary answers due to background complexity.

Conclusions:

  • Selenium's role in reducing thyroid cancer risk is questionable, as low levels may be a result of the cancer itself.
  • The complexity of thyroid cancer makes definitive, lasting answers elusive.
  • Reductionist experiments tested on humans may be the only path to a lasting solution, but present ethical challenges.