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Related Concept Videos

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I, duplicated...
Crossing Over01:34

Crossing Over

Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...
Crossing over01:34

Crossing over

Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...

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Frequency and Distribution of Crossovers in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by SNP Genotyping using Real-time PCR
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Inversion and crossover recombination contributions to the spacing between two functionally linked genes.

B K Clark1, K J Wabick, J G Weidner

  • 1Department of Physics, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790-4560, United States. bkc@phy.ilstu.edu

Bio Systems
|June 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inversion and crossover recombination influence gene spacing on DNA. Simulations reveal these processes create attractors, forcing linked genes together or separating them by a third of the chromosome.

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Population Genetics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • The interplay between genetic recombination and chromosomal structure in shaping gene organization is not fully understood.
  • Investigating the forces that determine the physical distance between functionally linked genes is crucial for understanding evolutionary dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of inversion and crossover recombination on the spacing of functionally linked genes within a population.
  • To explore how different types of gene linkage (multiplicative, additive, random) affect gene spacing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing computer simulations to model a population of haploid individuals over many generations.
  • Analyzing the resulting genetic organization and gene spacing patterns.

Main Results:

  • Inversion and crossover recombination collectively establish four distinct attractors for gene spacing.
  • Two primary attractors emerge: one promoting close proximity of linked genes, and another leading to a separation of approximately one-third of the chromosome length.
  • Multiplicative functional linkage results in significantly decreased average gene spacing compared to additive or random linkage.

Conclusions:

  • Recombination and inversion are key drivers in establishing specific gene spacing patterns.
  • The type of functional linkage plays a significant role in determining the degree of gene clustering or separation.