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Related Concept Videos

Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...

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Measurement of Specific Mycobacterial Mistranslation Rates with Gain-of-function Reporter Systems
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Translation drives mRNA quality control.

Christopher J Shoemaker1, Rachel Green

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology
|June 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), no-go decay (NGD), and nonstop decay (NSD) are co-translational mRNA surveillance pathways. This study highlights their shared origins on the ribosome, emphasizing ribosome-centric outcomes beyond mRNA degradation.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Co-translational mRNA surveillance regulates gene expression through pathways like nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), no-go decay (NGD), and nonstop decay (NSD).
  • While mRNA degradation is a known outcome, emerging evidence suggests these pathways have broader biological implications.
  • Understanding the ribosome's role is crucial for deciphering mRNA surveillance mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and emphasize the commonalities among NMD, NGD, and NSD.
  • To explore the probable origins of these surveillance pathways on the ribosome during translation.
  • To shift focus towards ribosome-centric outcomes of mRNA surveillance.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of NMD, NGD, and NSD pathways.
  • Literature review focusing on ribosome-mediated events.
  • Hypothesis generation regarding the co-translational origins of surveillance.

Main Results:

  • NMD, NGD, and NSD share fundamental similarities in their co-translational nature.
  • These pathways likely originated from ribosome-associated quality control mechanisms.
  • The ribosome is a central platform for the initiation and execution of these surveillance processes.

Conclusions:

  • NMD, NGD, and NSD are interconnected pathways with shared ribosome-based origins.
  • Considering the ribosome as the central hub provides a unified perspective on mRNA surveillance.
  • Future research should explore the ribosome's role in diverse gene regulation events.