Isolation and partial characterization of a lead-accumulating Brassica juncea mutant

A new screening method for non-destructive, high-sensitivity, high-throughput isolation of plant mutants capable of accumulating large amounts of heavy metals has been developed. This method is based on incubating seedlings in a solution containing radioisotopes of the metals of interest and visualizing the tissue accumulation of these metals with a phosphorimager. We used this technique to isolate mutants of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern with increased accumulation of Cd and Pb for use in phytoremediation, an emerging technology using plants to remediate polluted soil and water. Approximately 50,000 M2 seedlings were screened and 21 mutants were recovered that retained increased accumulation through the third generation. Mutant 7/15-1 is characterized by enhanced Pb accumulation per unit of root fresh weight, stunted root growth, and decreased root cell size. Data indicate that roots of 7/15-1 contain more cell-wall material on a fresh-weight basis than roots of the wild-type, which may at least partially explain its ability to accumulate more Pb.