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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...

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Related Experiment Videos

Coccidioidomycosis masquerading as malignancy.

Natasha Purai Arora1, Vikas Taneja, Carlos ReyesSacin

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA. narora@med.wayne.edu

BMJ Case Reports
|June 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Skeletal coccidioidomycosis, a rare fungal bone infection, was diagnosed in a non-endemic area after initial misdiagnosis as cancer. Prompt treatment with fluconazole led to significant lesion improvement.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Mycology
  • Orthopedic Oncology

Background:

  • Skeletal coccidioidomycosis is rare, especially in non-endemic regions.
  • Delayed diagnosis in non-endemic areas can lead to extensive, unnecessary investigations for other conditions.
  • Early recognition is crucial for timely and effective treatment.

Observation:

  • A previously healthy individual in a non-endemic area presented with multiple expansile lytic bone lesions.
  • Initial imaging suggested malignancy, prompting a comprehensive oncological workup.
  • The patient had a recent travel history to an endemic area (Arizona).

Findings:

  • Bone biopsy revealed fungal spherules consistent with Coccidioides immitis.
  • Histopathology (H&E, Gomori's methenamine silver) and molecular methods (PCR) confirmed the diagnosis.
  • The patient was treated with long-term fluconazole.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering coccidioidomycosis in patients with unexplained bone lesions, even in non-endemic areas.
  • Awareness of travel history is critical for accurate and rapid diagnosis.
  • Timely diagnosis and treatment can prevent extensive workups and improve patient outcomes.