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Related Concept Videos

Momentum And Radiation Pressure01:20

Momentum And Radiation Pressure

An object absorbing an electromagnetic wave would experience a force in the direction of propagation of the wave. This force occurs because electromagnetic waves contain and transport momentum. The force accounts for the wave's radiation pressure exerted on the object. Maxwell's prediction was confirmed in 1903 by Nichols and Hull by precisely measuring radiation pressures with a torsion balance. The measuring instrument had mirrors suspended from a fiber kept inside a glass container. Nichols...
Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving01:09

Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving

The radiation pressure applied by an electromagnetic wave on a perfectly absorbing surface equals the energy density of the wave. The wave's momentum also gets transferred to the surface when an electromagnetic wave is entirely absorbed by it. The rate at which momentum is transmitted to an absorbing surface perpendicular to the propagation direction equals the force on the surface.
The average value of the rate of momentum transfer divided by the absorbing area represents the average force per...
Nuclear Fusion02:45

Nuclear Fusion

The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
The Electromagnetic Spectrum02:37

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

The electromagnetic spectrum consists of all the types of electromagnetic radiation arranged according to their frequency and wavelength. Each of the various colors of visible light has specific frequencies and wavelengths associated with them, and you can see that visible light makes up only a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Because the technologies developed to work in various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are different, for reasons of convenience and historical...
The Electromagnetic Spectrum01:24

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

Electromagnetic waves are categorized according to their wavelengths and frequencies, giving the electromagnetic spectrum. These waves are classified as radio, infrared, ultraviolet, etc. Radio waves refer to electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from millimeters to kilometers. Radio waves are commonly used for audio communications (i.e., radios) and typically result from an alternating current in the wires of a broadcast antenna. They cover a broad wavelength range and are used...
Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...

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Loss-cone instability modulation due to a magnetohydrodynamic sausage mode oscillation in the solar corona.

Nature communications·2019
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Experimental Methods of Dust Charging and Mobilization on Surfaces with Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation or Plasmas
07:54

Experimental Methods of Dust Charging and Mobilization on Surfaces with Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation or Plasmas

Published on: April 3, 2018

Solar flares and energetic particles.

Nicole Vilmer1

  • 1LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC, Université Paris-Diderot, Meudon, France. nicole.vilmer@obspm.fr

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|June 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Energetic particles from solar flares are crucial for understanding the Sun's activity. Observations reveal their role in producing high-energy emissions and their journey through space, impacting Earth.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Experimental Methods of Dust Charging and Mobilization on Surfaces with Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation or Plasmas
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X-ray Beam Induced Current Measurements for Multi-Modal X-ray Microscopy of Solar Cells
10:16

X-ray Beam Induced Current Measurements for Multi-Modal X-ray Microscopy of Solar Cells

Published on: August 20, 2019

Area of Science:

  • * Solar physics
  • * Astrophysics
  • * Space weather

Background:

  • * Solar flares release significant energy, producing energetic particles across all energy ranges.
  • * These particles are key to understanding active solar phenomena and energy release.
  • * Energetic particles interact with the solar atmosphere, generating X-rays and gamma-rays.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review information on energetic particles from solar flares using X-ray/gamma-ray observations.
  • * To highlight recent findings from the Reuven Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) mission.
  • * To explore the contribution of radio observations to understanding electron acceleration and particle propagation.

Main Methods:

  • * Analysis of X-ray and gamma-ray observational data.
  • * Utilization of data from the Reuven Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI).
  • * Integration of radio observations to study electron acceleration and interplanetary particle propagation.

Main Results:

  • * Energetic particles are observed across all wavelengths, from gamma-rays to radio waves.
  • * These particles are a major energy component released during solar flares.
  • * Observations confirm particle escape into the corona and interplanetary medium, producing radio emissions.

Conclusions:

  • * X-ray/gamma-ray and radio observations provide critical insights into energetic particles in solar flares.
  • * Recent RHESSI data has advanced our understanding of particle acceleration and propagation.
  • * Connecting particle acceleration mechanisms to solar magnetic structures remains a significant challenge.