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Identifying, Diagnosing, and Grading Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors in Genetically Engineered Mouse Models

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[A neuron-specific enolase (NSE) positive leiomyosarcoma].

H Ueno¹, M Asami, R Yoneda

¹Dept. of Internal Med., Kakogawa Municipal Hospital.

Gan No Rinsho. Japan Journal of Cancer Clinics

|December 1, 1990

Summary

This study reports a rare case of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) positive leiomyosarcoma. It suggests that abnormal, non-neuronal cells can also synthesize NSE, challenging its typical role as a specific marker.

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Biochemistry
Pathology

Background:

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is typically associated with neuronal and neuroendocrine cells.
Elevated serum NSE levels are often used as a biomarker in certain cancers.
Leiomyosarcoma is a rare malignant mesenchymal tumor derived from smooth muscle.

Observation:

A 40-year-old woman presented with multiple skin tumors.
Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed a leiomyosarcoma positive for NSE.
Serum NSE levels initially decreased with chemotherapy but subsequently rose.

Findings:

The leiomyosarcoma demonstrated positive staining for neuron-specific enolase (NSE).
This case suggests that non-neuronal malignant cells, such as sarcoma, can aberrantly express NSE.
Serum NSE levels correlated with disease progression in this patient.

Implications:

NSE may not be exclusively a marker for neuronal or neuroendocrine tumors.
The aberrant synthesis of NSE by sarcoma cells warrants further investigation into cellular metabolism.
This finding could potentially broaden the diagnostic utility of NSE in oncology.