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A DNA barcode library for North American Ephemeroptera: progress and prospects
Jeffrey M Webb1, Luke M Jacobus, David H Funk
1Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. jmw975@yahoo.com
Plos One
|June 6, 2012
Summary
DNA barcoding of mayflies provides reliable species identification for aquatic macroinvertebrate research. High genetic divergences within some species highlight the need for further taxonomic clarification.
Area of Science:
- Entomology
- Molecular Taxonomy
- Ecology
Background:
- DNA barcoding is crucial for identifying aquatic macroinvertebrates in water quality assessments.
- A comprehensive reference library is essential for accurate DNA-based identification.
- Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) are important bioindicators in freshwater ecosystems.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish a DNA barcode reference library for mayflies in North America.
- To assess the utility of DNA barcoding for mayfly species identification and taxonomic resolution.
- To investigate genetic diversity and species boundaries within mayfly populations.
Main Methods:
- Sequencing the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene from 4165 mayfly specimens.
- Representing 264 nominal and 90 provisional species from Canada, Mexico, and the United States.
- Analyzing sequence data to determine interspecific and intraspecific divergences.
Main Results:
- No shared barcode sequences were found among species, indicating high discriminatory power.
- Minimum interspecific distances averaged 12.5%, with a maximum of 24.7%.
- Nearly 20% of species exhibited high intraspecific divergences (>5.0%), suggesting potential species complexes and polyphyly.
Conclusions:
- DNA barcoding is a powerful tool for mayfly identification, with few exceptions like some Caenis species.
- High intraspecific divergences and polyphyly in certain taxa necessitate further taxonomic investigation.
- Sequencing type specimens is critical for aligning DNA barcodes with established species concepts and resolving taxonomic uncertainties.
