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Related Concept Videos

Masonry Curtain Walls01:20

Masonry Curtain Walls

Masonry curtain walls employ brick or stone veneers supported by the building's structure to form an external cladding system that is both aesthetically appealing and functional. These walls are erected through two principal techniques, first by traditional layering of masonry units and second by using prefabricated panels. Traditional construction relies on steel shelf angles attached to the spandrel beam for support, with high-bond mortars ensuring secure attachment of masonry veneer units.
Posttensioned Masonry Walls01:15

Posttensioned Masonry Walls


Post-tensioned masonry walls use high-strength steel rods or flexible tendons to enhance the strength and efficiency of masonry structures. These elements are securely anchored to the foundation and extend vertically either within the cores of the masonry units or between the masonry wythes. The construction process involves building the wall with these tensioning elements in place and allowing the mortar to fully cure.
Following the curing process, the tensioning begins. Steel rods are...
Expansion and Contraction in Masonry Walls01:19

Expansion and Contraction in Masonry Walls

Masonry walls are subject to slight expansion and contraction due to variations in temperature and moisture. Thermal movement in masonry is relatively straightforward to measure and plan for. On the other hand, moisture movement poses more of a challenge. New clay masonry units typically absorb water and expand over time under normal environmental conditions. Conversely, new concrete masonry units tend to shrink as they lose the excess moisture acquired during their production process.
To...
Masonry Loadbearing Walls01:16

Masonry Loadbearing Walls

Masonry load-bearing walls, constructed from materials like brick, stone, or concrete masonry units, serve as a crucial component in building structures by supporting the loads from floors and roofs and transferring them to the foundation. These walls, known for their compressive strength, can be reinforced or unreinforced to suit different building needs, accommodating both the dead and live loads while maintaining safety through lower working stresses compared to the materials' ultimate...
Masonry Cavity Walls01:26

Masonry Cavity Walls

Cavity walls feature a hollow space between the outer and inner wythes, connected only by corrosion-resistant metal ties. When water seeps through the outer wythe, it descends within this cavity, intercepted by flashing and eventually exiting through weep holes. To enhance moisture resistance, the inner wythe's cavity side often receives damp-proofing, doubling as an air barrier. The cavity can also house insulation to mitigate heat transfer.
Maintaining a clean cavity during construction is...
Thermal Insulation in Masonry Walls01:22

Thermal Insulation in Masonry Walls

In hot, dry climates, the thermal mass of masonry walls can be beneficial, absorbing heat during the day and releasing it at night, thereby stabilizing indoor temperatures. However, in most other climates, additional insulation is necessary to enhance thermal resistance.
External insulation can be applied using an Exterior Insulation and Finish System (EIFS), which involves affixing panels of plastic foam to the wall and covering them with a polymeric stucco reinforced with glass fiber mesh.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System
08:19

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Published on: May 9, 2021

A wall-free climate unit for acoustic levitators.

M C Schlegel1, K-J Wenzel, A Sarfraz

  • 1BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, Berlin 12489, Germany.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|June 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acoustic levitation enables contactless sample handling. This study introduces a novel wall-free climate unit for precise environmental control of levitated samples without material interference.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Acoustic levitation uses standing acoustic waves for contactless sample manipulation.
  • This technique has been vital for sample handling in analytical methods for 30 years.
  • Existing methods often involve material interfaces that can affect analyses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel wall-free climate unit for acoustic levitation.
  • To enable precise environmental control (temperature, humidity) of levitated samples.
  • To ensure direct sample access and eliminate material interference in analyses.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a climate unit utilizing a continuous cold/hot gas flow.
  • Integration of the unit with an acoustic levitation system.
  • Demonstration of environmental parameter control around the levitated sample.

Main Results:

  • Successful implementation of a wall-free climate unit for acoustic levitation.
  • Demonstrated ability to control the micro-environment around the levitated sample.
  • Elimination of interference from traditional isolation materials.

Conclusions:

  • The developed climate unit offers a new approach for controlled sample environments in acoustic levitation.
  • This innovation enhances the applicability of contactless sample handling in sensitive analytical techniques.
  • Direct access and environmental control improve data accuracy and experimental flexibility.