Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation
17:28

Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation

Published on: June 17, 2015

A review of toxicogenomic approaches in developmental toxicology

Joshua F Robinson1, Jeroen L A Pennings, Aldert H Piersma

  • 1National Institute for Public Health and the Environment-RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|June 7, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Gene expression profiling, or toxicogenomics, is a powerful tool for understanding disease development from environmental exposures. This review explores its application in developmental toxicology, offering a framework for future research.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Toxicology
  • Toxicogenomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Gene expression profiling (toxicogenomics/transcriptomics) is a key technology for studying molecular changes from exposures.
  • Advancing technology requires researchers to understand toxicogenomic response complexity and its use in developmental toxicology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of toxicogenomics in developmental toxicology.
  • To discuss factors influencing toxicogenomic response and interpretation.
  • To provide a framework for guiding toxicogenomic studies in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of toxicogenomics in developmental toxicology.
  • Analysis of biological and technical factors impacting toxicogenomic data.
  • Development of a guiding framework for future research.

Main Results:

  • Toxicogenomics shows promise for various study designs, including exposure-response, chemical classification, and model comparisons.
  • Biological and technical factors significantly influence the interpretation of toxicogenomic data.
  • A framework is proposed to standardize and enhance toxicogenomic investigations.

Conclusions:

  • Toxicogenomics is a valuable tool for advancing developmental toxicology research.
  • Understanding influencing factors is crucial for accurate data interpretation.
  • The proposed framework will aid in the effective application of toxicogenomics.

More Related Videos

Assessment of Chemical Toxicity in Adult Drosophila Melanogaster07:02

Assessment of Chemical Toxicity in Adult Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: March 24, 2023

Developmental Toxicity Assay Based on Real-Time Monitoring of Fibroblast Growth Factor Signal Disruption in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells05:45

Developmental Toxicity Assay Based on Real-Time Monitoring of Fibroblast Growth Factor Signal Disruption in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: October 10, 2025

Related Concept Videos

Toxicokinetics: Overview01:21

Toxicokinetics: Overview

Studies that assess how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME) at toxic doses are termed toxicokinetics. Understanding toxicokinetics helps predict adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and manage toxicity in humans.Toxicokinetics differs from pharmacokinetics mainly in the dose levels studied, with toxicokinetics focusing on higher toxic doses. The kinetics at these levels can be non-linear due to altered physiological processes. Toxicodynamics examines the relationship...
Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity01:25

Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity

Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...
Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...