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Related Concept Videos

Muscle Stimulation Frequency01:22

Muscle Stimulation Frequency

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Detection and Enrichment of Rare Antigen-specific B Cells for Analysis of Phenotype and Function
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Detection and Enrichment of Rare Antigen-specific B Cells for Analysis of Phenotype and Function

Published on: February 16, 2017

Shortened interval between tetanus vaccines.

Amy E Lodolce1

  • 1Drug Information Group, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA. aelo@uic.edu

The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
|June 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A shortened interval of less than two years between tetanus-diphtheria (Td) and tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccines is safe, though it may increase local reactions. This finding supports protecting healthcare workers from pertussis with Tdap vaccination.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The tetanus-diphtheria (Td) and tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccines are crucial for preventing serious diseases.
  • Determining the optimal interval between these vaccines is important for maximizing protection, especially for healthcare workers at high risk of pertussis exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the minimum safe interval between the administration of tetanus-diphtheria (Td) and tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccines.
  • To evaluate the safety and reactogenicity of shortened intervals between Td and Tdap vaccine doses.

Main Methods:

  • A literature review was conducted using ImmunoFacts, CDC website, MEDLINE, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1966-2012).
  • Included studies evaluated the safety of intervals of 2 years or less between Td and Tdap vaccines.
  • Two observational noninferiority studies were analyzed, comparing shortened intervals (<2 years) with longer intervals (≥2 years or ≥10 years).

Main Results:

  • Shortened intervals (≤2 years) between Td and Tdap vaccines were associated with increased local injection site reactions, including erythema and swelling.
  • Fever was also more common with shortened intervals.
  • No serious adverse events, such as entire limb swelling or Arthus-like reactions, were reported in studies with intervals less than 2 years.

Conclusions:

  • Current observational evidence suggests that intervals less than 2 years between Td and Tdap vaccines are safe.
  • A shortened interval may increase the incidence of local reactions but does not appear to cause serious adverse events.
  • These findings support provisional recommendations for a shortened interval to enhance pertussis protection in healthcare workers.