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Atypical Pneumonia

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Updated: May 21, 2026

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Published on: August 21, 2017

Atypical toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis.

Sofia Theodoropoulou¹, Conrad Schmoll, Kate Templeton

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, Edinburgh, UK.

BMJ Case Reports

|June 7, 2012

Summary

Toxoplasma gondii reactivation caused unusual retinal necrosis in an immunocompetent patient. Prompt PCR, intravitreal clindamycin, and oral medications successfully treated the infection and prevented vision loss.

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Infectious Diseases
Parasitology

Background:

Toxoplasma gondii is a common parasite that can cause ocular infections.
Ocular toxoplasmosis typically occurs in immunocompromised individuals.
Atypical presentations in immunocompetent hosts can be challenging to diagnose.

Observation:

A case of atypical retinal necrosis in an immunocompetent patient is presented.
Rapidly progressing necrotizing retinochoroiditis and vitreous inflammation were observed.
Aqueous humor PCR confirmed Toxoplasma gondii infection.

Findings:

The patient received two intravitreal clindamycin injections and oral treatment (sulfadiazine, pyrimethamine, folinic acid, prednisolone).
Central retinal arterial occlusion developed as a complication.

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Anterior chamber paracentesis was performed, leading to visual recovery.

Implications:

This case highlights the importance of considering Toxoplasma gondii in atypical ocular inflammatory conditions, even in immunocompetent individuals.
Prompt diagnosis and combined intravitreal and oral therapy can effectively manage severe toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis.
Early intervention for complications like CRAO is crucial for visual preservation.