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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to tailor drug therapy effectively. This monitoring is critical for managing drugs with narrow therapeutic indices like digoxin and phenytoin, ensuring they are both safe and effective. For instance, monitoring theophylline levels in asthma patients involves precision and sensitivity to adjust doses according to individual responses to therapy, ensuring efficacy and...
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Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis
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The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis

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Delamanid for multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis.

Maria Tarcela Gler1, Vija Skripconoka, Epifanio Sanchez-Garavito

  • 1Makati Medical Center, Manila, Philippines.

The New England Journal of Medicine
|June 8, 2012
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Delamanid significantly increased sputum-culture conversion in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. This new medication offers a promising option for treating resistant tuberculosis strains.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Infectious Diseases
  • Antimicrobial Resistance
  • Clinical Trial Research

Background:

  • Delamanid (OPC-67683) is a novel antituberculosis agent targeting mycolic acid synthesis.
  • It exhibits potent activity against drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains.
  • Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a critical global health challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of delamanid in treating pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
  • To assess sputum-culture conversion rates at 2 months in patients receiving delamanid.
  • To compare delamanid efficacy against a placebo in combination with standard therapy.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, placebo-controlled, multinational clinical trial involving 481 patients with MDR-TB.
  • Patients received delamanid (100 mg or 200 mg twice daily) or placebo for 2 months, alongside background drugs.
  • Sputum cultures (liquid and solid media) were assessed weekly; conversion defined as five consecutive negative cultures.

Main Results:

  • Sputum-culture conversion at 2 months was significantly higher in delamanid groups (45.4% for 100 mg, 41.9% for 200 mg) compared to placebo (29.6%).
  • P-values were P=0.008 for the 100 mg group and P=0.04 for the 200 mg group.
  • Adverse events were generally mild to moderate; QT prolongation occurred more frequently with delamanid.

Conclusions:

  • Delamanid demonstrated an increased rate of sputum-culture conversion in patients with MDR-TB.
  • The findings suggest delamanid can be a valuable addition to MDR-TB treatment regimens.
  • Further research may explore long-term efficacy and safety profiles.