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Related Concept Videos

Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
Patch Clamp01:18

Patch Clamp

Many fundamental cell functions such as muscle contraction and nerve transmission rely on the electrical signals produced by the movement of positively and negatively charged ions across the cell membrane. One competent method to record current flowing across the whole cell or single ion channel is the patch-clamp technique.
In this method, a glass micropipette containing electrolyte solution is tightly sealed against a small portion of the cell membrane. As a result, a patch of the cell...
Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism.
Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recordings for Electrophysiological Determination of Ion Selectivity in Channelrhodopsins
08:39

Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recordings for Electrophysiological Determination of Ion Selectivity in Channelrhodopsins

Published on: May 22, 2017

Charge-selective claudin channels.

Susanne M Krug1, Dorothee Günzel, Marcel P Conrad

  • 1Institute of Clinical Physiology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität and Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany. susanne.m.krug@charite.de

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|June 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Claudins are crucial tight junction proteins that form selective paracellular channels. This study details various claudins, their charge selectivity, and roles in ion transport across epithelial tissues.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Claudins are integral membrane proteins forming the primary seal of tight junctions.
  • While many claudins tighten the paracellular pathway, some function as selective ion channels.
  • Claudin charge selectivity can be independent of the cellular background.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To categorize claudins based on their charge selectivity (cation, anion, or debatable).
  • To describe the molecular determinants of claudin pore and charge selectivity.
  • To elucidate the role of claudins in paracellular transport in various tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of existing data on claudin function.
  • Classification of claudins into cation-selective, anion-selective, and those with debatable channel properties.
  • Examination of molecular properties influencing pore and charge selectivity.

Main Results:

  • Identified cation-selective claudins (e.g., claudin-2, -10b, -15) and anion-selective claudins (e.g., claudin-10a, -17).
  • Highlighted claudins with debated channel functions (e.g., claudin-4, -7, -16).
  • Demonstrated claudin roles in ion-selective paracellular pathways in leaky epithelia, with specific examples in the small intestine and kidney proximal tubules.

Conclusions:

  • Claudins are key regulators of paracellular permeability and ion transport.
  • Specific claudins facilitate essential reabsorption processes in the kidney and nutrient absorption in the intestine.
  • Understanding claudin selectivity is vital for comprehending epithelial barrier function.