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Identifying Dysregulated Genes Induced by Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV)

Identifying Dysregulated Genes Induced by Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV)

Published on: September 14, 2010

Oral HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma.

L Pantanowitz¹, R A G Khammissa, J Lemmer

¹Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. pantanowitzl@upmc.edu

Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine : Official Publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology

|June 8, 2012

Summary

Kaposi sarcoma (KS), an AIDS-defining condition, is common in HIV patients. While HAART reduced KS globally, it persists in sub-Saharan Africa, affecting oral health and requiring specific management strategies.

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Infectious Diseases
Immunology

Background:

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a frequent HIV-associated neoplasm and an AIDS-defining condition.
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has decreased AIDS-KS incidence globally, but not in sub-Saharan Africa due to high HIV and endemic human herpesvirus-8 prevalence.
Oral KS is a common manifestation of AIDS, potentially indicating early HIV infection, with variable clinical presentations and unpredictable courses.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current knowledge on the biology, pathology, clinical features, and management of oral Kaposi sarcoma in the context of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Main Methods:

Literature review of contemporary scientific articles and clinical data on oral AIDS-KS.
Synthesis of information regarding epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

Oral KS presentation varies widely, from mild to severe, and can be an early sign of HIV infection.
Rapidly progressive facial lymphoedema with advanced oral KS indicates a poor prognosis.
Oral KS may respond to HAART, regress, or exacerbate during immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.

Conclusions:

Oral KS management in AIDS patients requires a combination of HAART and systemic chemotherapy.
Understanding the varied clinical course and prognostic indicators of oral KS is crucial for effective patient care.