Oral HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Infectious Diseases
• Immunology

Background:

• Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a frequent HIV-associated neoplasm and an AIDS-defining condition.
• Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has decreased AIDS-KS incidence globally, but not in sub-Saharan Africa due to high HIV and endemic human herpesvirus-8 prevalence.
• Oral KS is a common manifestation of AIDS, potentially indicating early HIV infection, with variable clinical presentations and unpredictable courses.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current knowledge on the biology, pathology, clinical features, and management of oral Kaposi sarcoma in the context of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Main Methods:

• Literature review of contemporary scientific articles and clinical data on oral AIDS-KS.
• Synthesis of information regarding epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

• Oral KS presentation varies widely, from mild to severe, and can be an early sign of HIV infection.
• Rapidly progressive facial lymphoedema with advanced oral KS indicates a poor prognosis.
• Oral KS may respond to HAART, regress, or exacerbate during immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.

Conclusions:

• Oral KS management in AIDS patients requires a combination of HAART and systemic chemotherapy.
• Understanding the varied clinical course and prognostic indicators of oral KS is crucial for effective patient care.