Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 21, 2026
A Protocol of Manual Tests to Measure Sensation and Pain in Humans
Published on: December 19, 2016
A pocket-sized disposable device for testing the integrity of sensation in the outpatient setting
F L Bowling1, C A Abbott, W E Harris
1University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. frank.bowling@manchester.ac.uk
Aims:
To compare the Ipswich Touch Test and the VibraTip with the Neuropathy Disability Score and the vibration perception threshold for detecting the 'at-risk' foot.
Methods:
We directly compared the Ipswich Touch Test and the VibraTip with both the Neuropathy Disability Score ≥ 6 and the vibration perception threshold ≥ 25 V indicating 'at-risk' feet in 83 individuals.
Results:
The vibration perception threshold and Neuropathy Disability Score tests exhibited almost perfect agreement with each other (P < 0.001). The VibraTip and Ipswich Touch Test results were identical (P < 0.001). The VibraTip and Ipswich Touch Test results also exhibited almost perfect agreement with the vibration perception threshold (P < 0.001) and the Neuropathy Disability Score (P < 0.001).
Conclusions:
These two simple and efficient tests are easy to teach, reliable and can be used in any setting, and neither requires an external power source. We conclude that both the VibraTip and the Ipswich Touch Test are reliable and sensitive tests for identifying the 'high-risk' foot.
