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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis01:24

Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis

The cardiovascular system regulates the number of erythrocytes in the bloodstream to ensure optimal oxygen transport. It also prevents over-proliferation of these cells, which helps to maintain blood viscosity and flow rate.
Several factors influence the erythrocyte production rate, with tissue oxygen level being among the most critical. Intense exercise or high altitudes can cause tissue hypoxia, which triggers the kidneys to release more erythropoietin (EPO) into the bloodstream.
EPO then...
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Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

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Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Finger-stick Blood Sampling Methodology for the Determination of Exercise-induced Lymphocyte Apoptosis
04:37

Finger-stick Blood Sampling Methodology for the Determination of Exercise-induced Lymphocyte Apoptosis

Published on: February 24, 2011

Hemolysis induced by an extreme mountain ultra-marathon is not associated with a decrease in total red blood cell

P Robach1, R-C Boisson, L Vincent

  • 1Medical Department, National School for Skiing and Mountaineering, Site of the National School for Mountain Sports, Chamonix, France.

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
|June 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Prolonged running causes red blood cell breakdown (hemolysis) but does not decrease total red blood cell volume. Exercise anemia after endurance running is due to plasma volume expansion, not red blood cell loss.

Keywords:
hemolysisplasma volumerunningtotal red blood cell volumeultra-endurance

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Supramaximal Intensity Hypoxic Exercise and Vascular Function Assessment in Mice
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Published on: March 15, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Hematology
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Prolonged running, particularly ultra-marathons, is known to induce hemolysis.
  • The impact of exercise-induced hemolysis on total red blood cell volume (RCV) remains unclear.
  • Understanding erythrocyte pool dynamics is crucial for interpreting exercise-related anemia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of a 166-km mountain ultra-endurance marathon on hemolysis and RCV.
  • To test the hypothesis that prolonged running decreases total red blood cell volume.
  • To differentiate the causes of exercise 'anemia'.

Main Methods:

  • Quantified hemolysis and RCV in 22 and 19 ultra-marathon runners, respectively.
  • Measured hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) and RCV using carbon monoxide rebreathing.
  • Assessed serum haptoglobin, erythropoietin, reticulocyte count, plasma volume, and aldosterone levels before and after the run.

Main Results:

  • The ultra-marathon induced an acute-phase response and promoted hemolysis, evidenced by decreased serum haptoglobin.
  • Erythropoietin and reticulocyte counts increased post-run, indicating erythropoietic stimulation.
  • Despite hemodilution from plasma volume expansion, neither Hbmass nor RCV were significantly altered after the run.

Conclusions:

  • Exercise-induced hemolysis during prolonged running does not reduce total red blood cell volume.
  • Exercise 'anemia' following intense endurance events is primarily attributed to plasma volume expansion.
  • The erythrocyte pool is resilient to the mechanical and physiological stresses of ultra-endurance running.