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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management

AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice
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Endothelial dysfunction in rheumatic autoimmune diseases.

Giuseppe Murdaca1, Barbara Maria Colombo, Paola Cagnati

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Viale Benedetto XV, n. 6, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy. Giuseppe.Murdaca@unige.it

Atherosclerosis
|June 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rheumatic autoimmune diseases accelerate atherosclerosis through endothelial dysfunction. Immune responses and specific molecular changes contribute to varied vascular damage patterns in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis.

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Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response
12:50

Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response

Published on: September 15, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Rheumatic autoimmune diseases are linked to accelerated atherosclerosis and vasculopathies.
  • Atherosclerosis involves inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and immune system dysregulation.
  • Endothelial dysfunction in these diseases involves both innate and adaptive immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory mechanisms in atherosclerosis within rheumatic autoimmune diseases.
  • To summarize similarities and differences in vascular disease patterns across various rheumatic disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on endothelial dysfunction in rheumatic diseases.
  • Analysis of immune system involvement (innate and adaptive) in vascular pathology.
  • Comparison of vascular disease manifestations across rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, and systemic sclerosis.

Main Results:

  • Endothelial dysfunction involves macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, complement, T-helper-1 lymphocytes, and regulatory T cells.
  • Specific differences noted: rheumatoid arthritis (hormonal imbalance, insulin resistance), systemic lupus erythematosus/antiphospholipid syndrome (autoantibodies), systemic sclerosis (smooth muscle cell proliferation, coagulation dysfunction).
  • Self-antigens and oxidized molecules are targets of autoimmune responses, driving vascular damage.

Conclusions:

  • Endothelial dysfunction is a key mechanism linking rheumatic autoimmune diseases to accelerated atherosclerosis and specific vasculopathies.
  • Distinct patterns of vascular disease exist, including accelerated atherosclerosis (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus) and obliterative vasculopathy (systemic sclerosis).
  • Understanding these immune-mediated vascular mechanisms is crucial for managing rheumatic diseases.