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Related Concept Videos

Immunocytochemistry and Immunohistochemistry01:22

Immunocytochemistry and Immunohistochemistry

Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are techniques that use antibodies to check for specific proteins or antigens in a sample. The technique was first published by Albert Coons in 1941 to detect the presence of pneumococcal antigen in tissue sections from mice infected with Pneumococcus. Immunocytochemistry helps localization of proteins or antigens in individual cells like blood cells, stem cells, etc., while immunohistochemistry does the same for tissue samples.
These...
Immunofluorescence Microscopy01:12

Immunofluorescence Microscopy

A fluorescence microscope uses fluorescent chromophores called fluorochromes, which can absorb energy from a light source and then emit this energy as visible light. Fluorochromes include naturally fluorescent substances (such as chlorophylls) and fluorescent stains that are added to the specimen to create contrast. Dyes such as Texas red and FITC are examples of fluorochromes. Other examples include the nucleic acid dyes 4’,6’-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and acridine orange.
The...
Immunogold Electron Microscopy01:20

Immunogold Electron Microscopy

Immunoelectron microscopy utilizes immunogold labeling of endogenous proteins with specific antibodies to detect and localize these proteins in cells and tissues. The procedure provides insights into the distribution and quantification of protein under different stimulation conditions offering clues about their functions. Conjugating highly electron-dense gold particles with primary or secondary antibodies allow antigen detection on and within cells, with high resolution and specificity.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Primer for Immunohistochemistry on Cryosectioned Rat Brain Tissue: Example Staining for Microglia and Neurons
07:30

Primer for Immunohistochemistry on Cryosectioned Rat Brain Tissue: Example Staining for Microglia and Neurons

Published on: May 12, 2015

Basic immunocytochemistry for light microscopy.

Susan A Brooks1

  • 1Department of Biological & Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, Headington, UK. sbrooks@brookes.ac.uk

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|June 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immunocytochemistry uses antibody-antigen reactions to visualize molecules in cells and tissues. This technique is adaptable for studying normal and malignant cells, mapping heterogeneity, and tracking tumor progression.

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Primer for Immunohistochemistry on Cryosectioned Rat Brain Tissue: Example Staining for Microglia and Neurons
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Multiplex Cyclic Fluorescent Immunohistochemistry
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Multiplex Cyclic Fluorescent Immunohistochemistry

Published on: January 26, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Cell Biology
  • Histology

Background:

  • Immunocytochemistry identifies specific antigens within cells or tissues using antibody-antigen interactions.
  • This technique is crucial for visualizing molecular localization in various biological samples.
  • It offers insights into cellular heterogeneity and changes during disease progression, particularly in tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide comprehensive methodologies for immunocytochemistry techniques.
  • To cover sample preparation for diverse cell and tissue types, including live cell imaging.
  • To detail various antigen retrieval and antibody detection methods.

Main Methods:

  • Sample preparation: coverslip cultures, cell smears, frozen sections, and paraffin-embedded tissues.
  • Antigen retrieval: heat- and enzyme-based methods.
  • Detection methods: direct, indirect, avidin-biotin, ABC, PAP/APAAP, and polymer-based systems with enzyme or fluorescent labels.

Main Results:

  • Established protocols for preparing various cell and tissue samples for immunocytochemistry.
  • Detailed descriptions of multiple antigen retrieval strategies.
  • Comprehensive overview of basic and advanced antibody detection systems and labels.

Conclusions:

  • Immunocytochemistry is a versatile technique with broad applications in biological research.
  • Methodologies presented allow for the exploration of molecular localization in normal and malignant cells.
  • The techniques described facilitate the study of cellular heterogeneity and disease progression.