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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects01:21

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects

Skeletal muscle relaxants are widely used for muscle paralysis and relieving pain following any muscle injury or stiffness. However, depending on the drug type, they can have adverse effects that range from mild to severe. Usually, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers have minimal side effects. For example, drugs like d-tubocurarine, cisatracurium, and rocuronium cause hypotension, whereas drugs like baclofen, when stopped abruptly, can lead to the recurrence of spastic conditions.
Unlike...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management

AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
Joints01:26

Joints

Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Clinical Efficacy of Small Needle Knife Therapy on Stage I-II Frozen Shoulder
05:52

Clinical Efficacy of Small Needle Knife Therapy on Stage I-II Frozen Shoulder

Published on: November 17, 2023

[Shoulder stiffness].

J C Katthagen1, G Jensen, C Voigt

  • 1Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Diakoniekrankenhaus Friederikenstift gGmbH, Humboldtstraße 5, 30169, Hannover, Deutschland.

Der Unfallchirurg
|June 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary shoulder stiffness, often idiopathic, involves inflammation leading to restricted motion. Treatment ranges from steroids and physical therapy to arthroscopic surgery if conservative methods fail after six months.

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Tuina in a Frozen Shoulder Rat Model: An Efficient and Reproducible Protocol
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Tuina in a Frozen Shoulder Rat Model: An Efficient and Reproducible Protocol

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Rat Model of Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder
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Rat Model of Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder

Published on: September 28, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Clinical Efficacy of Small Needle Knife Therapy on Stage I-II Frozen Shoulder
05:52

Clinical Efficacy of Small Needle Knife Therapy on Stage I-II Frozen Shoulder

Published on: November 17, 2023

Tuina in a Frozen Shoulder Rat Model: An Efficient and Reproducible Protocol
04:28

Tuina in a Frozen Shoulder Rat Model: An Efficient and Reproducible Protocol

Published on: July 21, 2023

Rat Model of Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder
04:46

Rat Model of Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder

Published on: September 28, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Rheumatology
  • Sports Medicine

Context:

  • Primary shoulder stiffness is idiopathic, but systemic factors and hormonal influences are considered.
  • Characterized by painful, restricted active and passive shoulder motion due to fibrotic capsulitis, ligament atrophy, and muscular imbalance.
  • Secondary shoulder stiffness often follows shoulder trauma or surgery.

Purpose:

  • To discuss the pathogenesis, symptoms, and treatment strategies for primary and secondary shoulder stiffness.
  • To outline the therapeutic progression from conservative management to surgical intervention.
  • To highlight the importance of early intervention and post-operative mobilization.

Summary:

  • Pathology involves chronic inflammation, fibroblastic proliferation, leading to a fibrotic capsule, ligament atrophy, and muscular dysbalance.
  • Conservative treatment includes oral or intra-articular steroids, physical therapy, and physiotherapy.
  • Surgical intervention, arthroscopic arthrolysis, is indicated when conservative treatment fails after six months for primary stiffness, or earlier for secondary stiffness.

Impact:

  • Provides a comprehensive overview of shoulder stiffness management.
  • Emphasizes the need for tailored treatment based on the phase and duration of the condition.
  • Underscores the critical role of intensive mobilization post-arthrolysis to improve outcomes.