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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists01:23

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists

Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
ETs are synthesized through a complex sequence of enzymatic steps, primarily involving an enzyme referred to as endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE). Of...
Portal Hypertension01:22

Portal Hypertension

Portal hypertension is an increase in blood pressure within the portal venous system. Normally, this pressure is less than 5 mmHg. It is considered clinically significant when it rises above 10 mmHg. At this threshold, complications from altered blood flow and venous congestion emerge.EtiologyPortal hypertension arises from conditions that impede blood flow through the liver. The most common cause is cirrhosis, in which chronic liver injury leads to fibrotic scarring. This fibrosis narrows or...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue, improving...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets
08:08

Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets

Published on: May 11, 2015

Portopulmonary hypertension: an update.

Zeenat Safdar1, Sonja Bartolome, Norman Sussman

  • 1Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Liver Transplantation : Official Publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society
|June 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Portopulmonary hypertension (POPH) is a severe cirrhosis complication impacting survival. Medical therapy can reduce pulmonary artery pressure, enabling liver transplantation (LT) and improving patient outcomes.

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Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets
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Published on: May 11, 2015

Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat
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A Model of Reverse Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease by Aortic Debanding in Rats
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A Model of Reverse Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease by Aortic Debanding in Rats

Published on: March 1, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Hepatology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Portopulmonary hypertension (POPH) is a serious complication of cirrhosis.
  • It increases mortality risk beyond the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score.
  • POPH is characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and vascular remodeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis and management of POPH.
  • To discuss the role of pulmonary vasodilator therapy in enabling liver transplantation (LT).
  • To highlight the specialized care required for LT in POPH patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current diagnostic criteria for POPH, including mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) and PVR.
  • Discussion of pulmonary vasodilator treatment strategies (oral, inhaled, parenteral).
  • Consideration of MELD exception points and LT management protocols.

Main Results:

  • Pulmonary vasodilator therapy can significantly lower MPAP and PVR.
  • Medically controlled POPH may allow patients to become eligible for LT.
  • Specialized perioperative management is crucial for successful LT in POPH patients.

Conclusions:

  • POPH management requires a multidisciplinary approach.
  • Effective medical therapy can make LT feasible for select POPH patients.
  • Successful LT in POPH patients is associated with excellent outcomes.