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Bone Cells and Tissue

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and...

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

Spongy Bone

Spongy Bone

All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...

Bone Remodeling and Repair

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma

Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma

Published on: April 12, 2019

Osteoblastic and fibroblastic multicentric osteosarcoma.

Raúl Romero Cabello¹, Carlos J Sánchez, Marco A Duran Padilla

¹Department of Infectology, Hospital General de México, Mexico City, Mexico DF, Mexico.

BMJ Case Reports

|June 8, 2012

Summary

Osteosarcoma, a rare bone cancer, is the third most common childhood malignancy. This case highlights a rare squamous osteosarcoma diagnosis in a patient with prior skin and soft tissue lesions.

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Skeletal System Neoplasms
Dermatopathology

Background:

Osteosarcoma is a primary bone malignancy, most common in adolescents and young adults.
It represents the third most frequent childhood cancer.
The incidence of osteosarcoma peaks between ages 10 and 20.

Observation:

The presented case involves a patient with a history of chronic skin and soft tissue lesions.
The patient underwent multiple prior medical treatments for these conditions.
A rare diagnosis of squamous osteosarcoma was established.

Findings:

Squamous osteosarcoma is an exceptionally rare subtype of osteosarcoma.
The diagnosis required extensive histopathological evaluation.
This specific subtype necessitates aggressive treatment modalities.

Implications:

This case underscores the importance of considering rare diagnoses in patients with complex medical histories.
Aggressive surgical management and chemotherapy are crucial for treating squamous osteosarcoma.
Further research into the pathogenesis and treatment of rare osteosarcoma subtypes is warranted.