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Extrapulmonary pneumocystosis: the first 50 cases.

M C Raviglione1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Cabrini Medical Center, New York, New York.

Reviews of Infectious Diseases
|November 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Extrapulmonary Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is rare but increasing, particularly in AIDS patients without lung involvement. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for survival.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is a significant opportunistic infection.
  • Extrapulmonary PCP is a rare manifestation, historically documented in fewer than 50 cases globally over 35 years.

Observation:

  • Prophylactic aerosolized pentamidine may contribute to the prevalence of extrapulmonary disease due to poor systemic absorption.
  • While associated with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), extrapulmonary PCP constitutes less than 1% of all PCP cases.

Findings:

  • Common extrapulmonary sites include lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and bone marrow, with spread occurring via lymphatic and hematogenous routes.
  • Disseminated forms are rapidly fatal; however, patients with AIDS can survive if treated systemically, especially with single-site involvement and no concurrent pneumonia.

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Implications:

  • The rising incidence of extrapulmonary PCP in patients without pneumonia necessitates its consideration as a potential AIDS-defining condition.
  • This highlights the importance of recognizing extrapulmonary manifestations for timely diagnosis and management in immunocompromised individuals.