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Native valve endocarditis due to Pseudallescheria boydii in a patient with AIDS: case report and review

S P Raffanti1, B Fyfe, S Carreiro

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami, Florida.

Insights

This study details a rare case of native mitral valve endocarditis caused by Pseudallescheria boydii fungus in an AIDS patient. It highlights a unique fungal infection presentation in immunocompromised individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • * *Pseudallescheria boydii* is an opportunistic fungus that can cause infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
  • * Endocarditis, an infection of the heart lining or valves, is a serious condition.
  • * Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) significantly increases susceptibility to opportunistic infections.

Observation:

  • * A 53-year-old male patient diagnosed with AIDS presented with symptoms indicative of endocarditis.
  • * Echocardiography and blood cultures confirmed infection of the native mitral valve.
  • * The causative agent identified was the fungus *Pseudallescheria boydii*.

Findings:

  • * This case represents a rare instance of *Pseudallescheria boydii* causing endocarditis on a native heart valve, unlike previously reported cases primarily involving prosthetic valves.
  • * The infection highlights the potential for *P. boydii* to cause severe cardiac complications in patients with advanced HIV/AIDS.
  • * Successful management strategies for this specific type of fungal endocarditis are not well-established, underscoring the need for further research.

Implications:

  • * This case expands the understanding of *Pseudallescheria boydii* pathogenicity, particularly in the context of severe immunodeficiency.
  • * It emphasizes the importance of considering rare fungal pathogens in the differential diagnosis of endocarditis in AIDS patients.
  • * Further investigation into diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for *Pseudallescheria* endocarditis is warranted to improve patient outcomes.

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