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Complementation Tests

Complementation Tests

A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...

Complement System

Complement System

The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a membrane...

Complementary DNA

Complementary DNA

Complementary DNA

Complementary DNA

Conformity

Conformity

Conformity is the change in a person’s behavior to go along with the group, even if that person does not agree with the group.

Competition

Competition

When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation

Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation

Published on: April 15, 2011

Complements do not lie.

Stefanie Christina Robert¹, Suzanne Helen Forbes, Surusch Soleimanian

¹ICU, Barts and the London NHS Trust, London, UK. sterob67@hotmail.com

BMJ Case Reports

|June 8, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A patient with acute kidney injury and vasculitis was initially misdiagnosed with granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Prompt treatment for Bartonella henselae infection led to a full recovery, highlighting the importance of considering atypical infections in vasculitis cases.

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Infectious Diseases
Rheumatology

Background:

A 74-year-old male with a prosthetic aortic valve presented with acute kidney injury, constitutional symptoms, fever, splenomegaly, and vasculitic lesions.

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Initial investigations revealed positive cytoplasmic-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (c-ANCA), suggesting small vessel vasculitis or infective endocarditis.