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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
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Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...
Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
Barriers to Effective Communication I01:30

Barriers to Effective Communication I

A communication barrier is any distortion or interruption during a conversation, resulting in miscommunication of the message. A good communicator should know these barriers and continuously check for the listener's understanding by obtaining feedback.
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Aphasia--the hidden disability.

Robert Orchardson1

  • 1Oral Biology Department of Glasgow Dental School.

Dental Update
|June 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Aphasia, a language disorder from brain damage, often follows a stroke. Speech and language therapists play a key role in managing communication challenges for individuals with aphasia.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Linguistics
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Aphasia is an acquired language disorder resulting from brain damage, commonly caused by stroke.
  • Approximately 50,000 new cases of aphasia occur annually, with significant variation in affected individuals' expressive and receptive language abilities.
  • Understanding the neurological underpinnings of speech and language is crucial for addressing aphasia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the neurology of speech and aphasia.
  • To highlight the critical role of speech and language therapists in the care of individuals with aphasia.
  • To inform healthcare professionals about the communication challenges faced by people with aphasia.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the neurology of speech production and comprehension.

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  • Examination of the impact of stroke on language processing.
  • Analysis of therapeutic interventions and strategies employed by speech and language therapists.

    • Main Results:

    • Aphasia presents with diverse impairments in spoken and written language production and comprehension.
    • Stroke is the predominant etiology, leading to a significant patient population requiring specialized care.
    • The severity and type of aphasia vary widely among individuals.

    Conclusions:

    • Healthcare providers, including dentists, must recognize that stroke survivors with aphasia may have significant communication and comprehension difficulties.
    • Patients with aphasia might struggle to understand written information, such as appointment letters or general patient information.
    • Tailored communication strategies are essential to ensure effective patient care and information exchange for individuals with aphasia.