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Groupthink

Groupthink

When in group settings, we are often influenced by the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors around us. Groupthink is another phenomenon of conformity where modification of the opinions of members in a group aligns with what they believe is the group consensus (Janis, 1972). In such situations, the group often takes action that individuals would not perform outside the group setting because groups make more extreme decisions than individuals do. Moreover, groupthink can hinder opposing trains of...

Group Polarization

Group Polarization

Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.

In- and Out-Groups

In- and Out-Groups

People all belong to a gender, race, age, and social economic group. These groups provide a powerful source of our identity and self-esteem (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) and serve as our in-groups. An in-group is a group that we identify with or see ourselves as belonging to.

Group Design

Group Design

The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between the two are due to...

Cognitive Dissonance

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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...

Robbers Cave

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During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension could be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

The anti-candidate considers starting a group.

Elizabeth O'Connor¹

¹Silver School of Social Work, New York University. libby.oconnor@nyu.edu

International Journal of Group Psychotherapy

|June 9, 2012

Summary

Overcoming therapist dread is key to starting psychotherapy groups. Group training transforms initial anxieties into understanding and growth, highlighting the therapeutic power of the training environment.

Area of Science:

Psychology
Psychotherapy
Group Dynamics

Background:

Starting a psychotherapy group presents unique challenges for therapists.
Unexpressed therapist anxieties can impede group formation and function.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the therapist's internal obstacles to initiating a psychotherapy group.
To demonstrate how a training group can transform initial dread into therapeutic growth.

Main Methods:

The author's personal experience of initiating a private practice psychotherapy group.
Analysis of how unformulated dread was enacted and transformed within a group training process.

Main Results:

The therapist's unformulated dread was initially enacted within the training group.

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

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The group training process provided a container for understanding and processing disavowed affects.

Transformation of anxiety occurred through the group's curative embrace.

Conclusions:

Therapist-centered hurdles are significant in group formation.
Group training is an effective modality for addressing and transforming therapist-related anxieties.
The training group environment facilitates the containment and integration of difficult emotions, fostering professional growth.