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Related Concept Videos

Synthetic Biology02:55

Synthetic Biology

Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
Golden rice
Golden rice is a genetically modified...
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
09:26

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation

Published on: December 29, 2021

Synthetic biology with RNA: progress report.

Yaakov Benenson1

  • 1Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland. kobi.benenson@bsse.ethz.ch

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology
|June 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Synthetic biology aims to engineer gene networks using RNA components like messenger RNA and microRNA. This review highlights recent advances in RNA-based synthetic biology for cellular control.

Area of Science:

  • Synthetic biology
  • Molecular and Systems Biology
  • RNA biology

Background:

  • Engineering complex gene networks is a key goal in synthetic biology.
  • Natural regulatory mechanisms, particularly RNA-based ones, are increasingly utilized.
  • RNA molecules like messenger RNA, microRNA, and riboswitches offer versatile control elements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent achievements in RNA-based synthetic biology.
  • To highlight the application of RNA regulatory mechanisms in cellular control.
  • To showcase advancements in engineering gene networks using RNA components.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and research findings.
  • Analysis of engineered RNA sensors and circuits.

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  • Examination of microRNA-based logic and classifier networks.

    • Main Results:

    • Development of prototype messenger RNA sensors.
    • Creation of logic circuits responding to small molecules for cell fate determination.
    • Construction of cell-state classifier networks utilizing microRNA inputs.

    Conclusions:

    • RNA-based synthetic biology is a rapidly advancing field.
    • RNA components provide powerful tools for precise cellular control and engineering.
    • Future applications include sophisticated gene networks for diverse biological functions.