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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
10:12

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

Published on: June 19, 2018

Early stage mineralization in tissue engineering mapped by high resolution X-ray microdiffraction.

G Campi1, A Ricci, A Guagliardi

  • 1Istituto di Cristallografia, CNR-IC, via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Roma, Italy.

Acta Biomaterialia
|June 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals how bone forms using tissue engineering. Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) acts as a dynamic reservoir, aiding hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocrystal formation during biomineralization.

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Comprehensive Characterization of Tissue Mineralization in an Ex Vivo Model
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Comprehensive Characterization of Tissue Mineralization in an Ex Vivo Model

Published on: September 27, 2024

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Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
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Comprehensive Characterization of Tissue Mineralization in an Ex Vivo Model
07:29

Comprehensive Characterization of Tissue Mineralization in an Ex Vivo Model

Published on: September 27, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Biomineralization
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Understanding biomineralization is crucial for bone regeneration.
  • Existing models often do not fully replicate mammalian bone formation.
  • High-resolution temporal and spatial analysis is needed to elucidate early mineralization steps.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore biomineralization routes using a tissue engineering model.
  • To investigate mammalian bone formation at high temporal resolution.
  • To clarify the role of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) in hydroxyapatite (HA) formation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized porous ceramic scaffolds seeded with bone marrow stromal cells.
  • Implanted constructs in vivo to study bone formation.
  • Employed a high-resolution diffraction technique for spatial and temporal analysis of mineralization stages.

Main Results:

  • Identified organic tissue as a source of calcium and phosphate ions for biomineralization.
  • Observed amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) acting as a dynamic reservoir during hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocrystal formation.
  • Demonstrated that scaffolds and collagen serve as templates for HA nanocrystal arrangement at micro and nanometric scales.

Conclusions:

  • Proposed a novel role for ACP in facilitating a continuous organic-mineral transition during HA formation.
  • Highlighted the importance of spatial analysis correlating with temporal monitoring for understanding biomineralization.
  • Provided insights into the initial mineral deposit formation at the organic-mineral interface.