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Related Concept Videos

Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology01:08

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...
Pleura of the Lungs01:13

Pleura of the Lungs

The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
Flail Chest-I01:24

Flail Chest-I

Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure
05:50

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

Published on: March 12, 2020

Spontaneous haemopneumothorax.

Katie Chong1, Sheharyar A Qureshi, Gabriela Badea

  • 1Respiratory Medicine Department, QE2 Hospital, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, UK.

BMJ Case Reports
|June 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A young man experienced sudden chest pain and breathlessness due to a massive hemothorax, a rare condition. Prompt medical intervention, including chest tube drainage and blood transfusion, led to a full recovery.

Area of Science:

  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Trauma Surgery

Background:

  • Massive hemothorax is a life-threatening condition characterized by significant blood accumulation in the pleural space.
  • Spontaneous hemothorax, though rare, can occur without preceding trauma, presenting a diagnostic challenge.

Observation:

  • An 18-year-old male presented with acute breathlessness and left-sided chest pain.
  • Initial assessment revealed hypovolemic shock with a low hemoglobin level (8.1 g/dl).
  • Chest X-ray showed left-sided hydropneumothorax, with CT confirming a blood-density effusion.

Findings:

  • Tube thoracostomy successfully drained 1.7 liters of blood, with a total of 3.5 liters drained by day 5.
  • The patient required blood transfusion and remained hemodynamically stable.

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure
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Published on: March 12, 2020

Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition
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Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition

Published on: March 3, 2023

Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department
07:52

Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department

Published on: January 29, 2011

  • Clinical and radiological follow-up confirmed complete lung re-expansion and no recurrence.

    • Implications:

    • This case highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis and management of spontaneous massive hemothorax.
    • Aggressive fluid resuscitation, blood transfusion, and chest tube drainage are crucial for hemodynamic stabilization.
    • Successful conservative management of spontaneous hemothorax can lead to favorable outcomes and complete recovery.