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Dietary pattern and oral cancer risk--a factor analysis study
Lee Ching Helen-Ng1, Ishak A Razak, Wan Maria Nabillah Ghani
1Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology
|June 12, 2012
Summary
Dietary patterns significantly influence oral cancer risk. High consumption of "traditional" and "combination" diets increases oral cancer risk, while a "prudent" diet rich in fruits and vegetables is protective.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Oncology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Dietary habits are complex, involving combinations of foods rather than single items.
- Previous research on diet and cancer risk often focused on individual food items.
- Understanding dietary patterns is crucial for assessing their impact on oral cancer risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify distinct dietary patterns within a study population.
- To determine the association between these identified dietary patterns and the risk of oral cancer.
- To investigate the influence of specific food group combinations on oral cancer development.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 306 matched pairs of cases and controls.
- Dietary intake data collected using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).
- Factor analysis (FA) employed to identify four major dietary patterns: 'modern', 'prudent', 'traditional', and 'combination'.
- Conditional logistic regression used to calculate odds ratios (OR) for each dietary pattern.
- Analysis adjusted for tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and betel quid chewing.
Main Results:
- Four dietary patterns were identified: 'modern' (processed foods/snacks), 'prudent' (fruits/vegetables), 'traditional' (beverages/starches), and 'combination' (dairy/fermented/meat).
- The 'prudent' dietary pattern showed a reduced risk of oral cancer (OR 0.53).
- The 'combination' (OR 2.43) and 'traditional' (OR 2.32) patterns were associated with increased oral cancer risk.
- After adjusting for lifestyle factors, the 'combination' (aOR 2.99) and 'traditional' (aOR 2.08) patterns remained significantly associated with higher oral cancer risk.
Conclusions:
- The 'traditional' and 'combination' dietary patterns are associated with a significantly increased risk of oral cancer.
- Highest consumption of 'traditional' and 'combination' patterns may elevate oral cancer risk by two to three times, respectively.
- Dietary pattern analysis provides valuable insights into cancer etiology beyond individual food components.
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