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Related Concept Videos

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology01:59

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
Trihybrid Crosses02:27

Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal chance to...
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Dihybrid Crosses

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Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte02:33

Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte

Seed structures are composed of a protective seed coat surrounding a plant embryo, and a food store for the developing embryo. The embryo contains the precursor tissues for leaves, stem, and roots. The endosperm and cotyledons—seed leaves—act as the food reserves for the growing embryo.
Introduction to Seed Plants03:40

Introduction to Seed Plants

Most plants are seed plants—characterized by seeds, pollen, and reduced gametophytes. Seed plants include gymnosperms and angiosperms.
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Monohybrid Crosses

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Updated: May 21, 2026

Cereal Crop Ear Counting in Field Conditions Using Zenithal RGB Images
11:49

Cereal Crop Ear Counting in Field Conditions Using Zenithal RGB Images

Published on: February 2, 2019

Seed size: a priority trait in cereal crops.

Markkandan Kesavan1, Jong Tae Song, Hak Soo Seo

  • 1Department of Plant Science, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea.

Physiologia Plantarum
|June 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Increasing crop yield requires understanding seed size regulation. This review explores genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal factors influencing seed size in crops and Arabidopsis.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Genetics
  • Agriculture

Background:

  • Global population growth necessitates enhanced crop production and productivity for adequate nutrition.
  • Seed yield is a critical component of crop production, primarily influenced by seed size.
  • Seed size is a complex trait affected by genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors, as well as phytohormones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted factors controlling seed size in cereal crops and Arabidopsis.
  • To elucidate the genetic architecture and regulatory mechanisms governing seed size.
  • To highlight the interactions between genes, epigenetic modifications, and phytohormones in seed development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on seed size control in plants.
  • Analysis of genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying seed size determination.
  • Discussion of the roles of phytohormones and epigenetic regulation in seed development.

Main Results:

  • Seed size is regulated by a complex interplay of numerous genes.
  • Biotic, abiotic, and genetic factors significantly impact seed size.
  • Epigenetic marks and phytohormones are crucial regulators of seed growth and development.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the genetic and molecular basis of seed size is essential for improving crop yields.
  • Further research is needed to fully characterize gene interactions and functional roles in seed size control.
  • Integrated approaches considering genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal factors are key to optimizing seed development for agricultural applications.