Reductive dehalogenation of carbon tetrachloride by Escherichia coli K-12

The formation of radicals from carbon tetrachloride (CT) is often invoked to explain the product distribution resulting from its transformation. Radicals formed by reduction of CT presumably react with constituents of the surrounding milieu to give the observed product distribution. The patterns of transformation observed in this work were consistent with such a hypothesis. In cultures of Escherichia coli K-12, the pathways and rates of CT transformation were dependent on the electron acceptor condition of the media. Use of oxygen and nitrate as electron acceptors generally prevented CT metabolism. At low oxygen levels (approximately 1%), however, transformation of [14C]CT to 14CO2 and attachment to cell material did occur, in accord with reports of CT fate in mammalian cell cultures. Under fumarate-respiring conditions, [14C]CT was recovered as 14CO2, chloroform, and a nonvolatile fraction. In contrast, fermenting conditions resulted in more chloroform, more cell-bound 14C, and almost no 14CO2. Rates of transformation of CT were faster under fermenting conditions than under fumarate-respiring conditions. Transformation rates also decreased over time, suggesting the gradual exhaustion of transformation activity. This loss was modeled with a simple exponential decay term.