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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Surface Membrane Barriers01:18

Surface Membrane Barriers

The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Deep Dermal Injection As a Model of Candida albicans Skin Infection for Histological Analyses
10:45

Deep Dermal Injection As a Model of Candida albicans Skin Infection for Histological Analyses

Published on: June 13, 2018

Host defenses in subcutaneous mycoses.

Lucio Vera-Cabrera1, Mario Cesar Salinas-Carmona, Noemi Waksman

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez University Hospital, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Ave Madero y Ave Gonzalitos s/n, Colonia Mitras Centro, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. luvera_99@yahoo.com

Clinics in Dermatology
|June 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Recent advances reveal new insights into the virulence of subcutaneous mycoses, including sporotrichosis, chromoblastomycosis, and mycetoma. Understanding the genetics of causative agents and hosts is key to explaining disease development in these neglected tropical diseases.

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Passive Administration of Monoclonal Antibodies Against H. capsulatum and Others Fungal Pathogens
09:57

Passive Administration of Monoclonal Antibodies Against H. capsulatum and Others Fungal Pathogens

Published on: February 14, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Deep Dermal Injection As a Model of Candida albicans Skin Infection for Histological Analyses
10:45

Deep Dermal Injection As a Model of Candida albicans Skin Infection for Histological Analyses

Published on: June 13, 2018

Passive Administration of Monoclonal Antibodies Against H. capsulatum and Others Fungal Pathogens
09:57

Passive Administration of Monoclonal Antibodies Against H. capsulatum and Others Fungal Pathogens

Published on: February 14, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Tropical Medicine

Background:

  • Subcutaneous mycoses are fungal infections affecting the skin and deeper tissues.
  • These infections, prevalent in rural areas after trauma, include sporotrichosis, chromoblastomycosis, and mycetoma.
  • Historically, species identification relied on morphology, but modern techniques offer greater precision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding the virulence of subcutaneous mycoses.
  • To focus on the etiologic agents of prevalent infections: sporotrichosis, chromoblastomycosis, and mycetoma.
  • To highlight the role of molecular techniques in re-evaluating fungal species and understanding disease pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on subcutaneous mycoses.
  • Application of modern molecular and genetic techniques for etiologic agent identification.
  • Comparative analysis of fungal species based on genetic and morphologic characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Modern molecular techniques have refined the identification and classification of causative fungal agents.
  • Variations within species previously considered monolithic have been observed.
  • Advances in genetic characterization provide a foundation for understanding host-pathogen interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic characterization of causative agents and hosts is crucial for understanding the factors influencing subcutaneous mycoses development.
  • These findings contribute to a better understanding of neglected tropical diseases.
  • Further research into host-pathogen genetics will elucidate disease mechanisms.