Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
From DNA to Protein03:06

From DNA to Protein

The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
Proteins: From Genes to Degradation02:11

Proteins: From Genes to Degradation

Within a biological system, the DNA encodes the RNA, and the nucleotide sequence in the RNA further defines the amino acid sequence in the protein. This is referred to as “The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology” - a term coined by Francis Crick.  Central dogma is a firm principle in biology that defines the flow of genetic information within any life form. The two fundamental steps in central dogma are - transcription and translation.
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA molecules by RNA...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Deep learning of functional perturbations from condensate morphology.

Cell·2026
Same author

Ribosome biogenesis bottlenecks reveal vulnerabilities in cancer.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Omega stabilizes RNA polymerase condensates and contributes to cellular fitness during acid stress.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Ribosome Molecular Aging Shapes Translation Dynamics.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Kinase KEY1 controls pyrenoid condensate size throughout the cell cycle by disrupting phase separation interactions.

Nature cell biology·2026
Same author

Metabolism of Epigenetic Ribonucleosides Leads to Nucleolar Stress and Cytotoxicity.

ACS chemical biology·2026
Same journal

A viral ORFeome library for systems-level genetic dissection of host-pathogen interactions.

Cell·2026
Same journal

Co-option of lysosomal machinery shapes the evolution of the intracellular photosymbiosis supporting coral reefs.

Cell·2026
Same journal

LEF1 and niche factors determine T cell stemness across chronic diseases.

Cell·2026
Same journal

Recurrent patterns of TOP1-mediated neuronal genomic damage shared by major neurodegenerative disorders.

Cell·2026
Same journal

Four-dimensional molecular mapping from a spatial snapshot reveals the dynamics of hair follicle organogenesis.

Cell·2026
Same journal

Whole-cell particle-based digital twin simulations from 4D lattice light-sheet microscopy data.

Cell·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Combined Nucleotide and Protein Extractions in Caenorhabditis elegans
10:37

Combined Nucleotide and Protein Extractions in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: March 17, 2019

Getting RNA and protein in phase.

Stephanie C Weber1, Clifford P Brangwynne

  • 1Princeton University, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, NJ 08544, USA.

Cell
|June 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA granules, nonmembrane-bound organelles, form dynamic droplets. Recent studies reveal structural features driving their assembly through phase transitions, impacting cellular organization and potentially causing disease.

More Related Videos

Studying RNA Interactors of Protein Kinase RNA-Activated during the Mammalian Cell Cycle
10:05

Studying RNA Interactors of Protein Kinase RNA-Activated during the Mammalian Cell Cycle

Published on: March 5, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Combined Nucleotide and Protein Extractions in Caenorhabditis elegans
10:37

Combined Nucleotide and Protein Extractions in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: March 17, 2019

Studying RNA Interactors of Protein Kinase RNA-Activated during the Mammalian Cell Cycle
10:05

Studying RNA Interactors of Protein Kinase RNA-Activated during the Mammalian Cell Cycle

Published on: March 5, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Nonmembrane-bound organelles, such as RNA granules, exhibit dynamic droplet-like behavior.
  • The precise molecular mechanisms governing the assembly of these organelles remain largely unknown.
  • Understanding granule formation is crucial for comprehending cellular organization and disease pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular details underlying the assembly of nonmembrane-bound organelles, specifically RNA granules.
  • To identify key structural features that drive the formation and dynamics of these cellular compartments.
  • To explore the connection between phase transitions, cellular organization, and pathological protein aggregation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent publications on RNA granule assembly.
  • Analysis of structural and biochemical data related to organelle formation.
  • Investigating the role of phase transitions in cellular organization.

Main Results:

  • Several recent studies have identified specific structural features that promote RNA granule assembly.
  • These features facilitate the formation of dynamic droplets through liquid-liquid phase separation.
  • The findings highlight how phase transitions functionally organize cellular components.

Conclusions:

  • The assembly of nonmembrane-bound organelles like RNA granules is driven by specific structural elements.
  • Phase transitions play a critical role in organizing the cell and can be implicated in diseases involving protein aggregation.