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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
10:07

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Published on: February 10, 2015

Reliability and minimal detectable change in scapulothoracic neuromuscular activity.

Amee L Seitz1, Timothy L Uhl

  • 1Department of Physical Therapy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA. a.seitz@neu.edu

Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology : Official Journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology
|June 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study found that scapular muscle activity measurements are reliable for assessing shoulder impingement interventions. Small changes in mean muscle activity can indicate meaningful progress, but onset timing is more variable.

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Published on: September 13, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Neuromuscular Physiology
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Abnormal scapular muscle activity, like excessive upper trapezius (UT) activation and delayed lower trapezius (LT) and serratus anterior (SA) onset, is linked to shoulder impingement.
  • Reliability data for neuromuscular activity is crucial for evaluating intervention effectiveness but is currently limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the reproducibility of scapular muscle activity (mean activity and relative onset timing) over time.
  • To establish the minimal detectable change (MDC) for scapular muscle activity measures.
  • To evaluate the reliability of surface electromyography (sEMG) during maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and overhead lifting tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to record activity of UT, LT, SA, and anterior deltoid (AD) muscles in 16 adults across two sessions, one week apart.
  • sEMG data were normalized to MVIC, and relative onset and mean muscle activity were calculated during lifting.
  • Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and MDC were used to assess reliability and variability.

Main Results:

  • High intrasession and intersession reliability (ICC 0.62–0.99) were found for normalized and absolute mean scapular muscle activity.
  • MDC for mean activity ranged from 1.3% to 11.7% MVIC, suggesting small changes can be meaningful.
  • Muscle onset timing showed good within-session reliability (ICC 0.88–0.97) but lower between-session reliability (ICC 0.43–0.73).

Conclusions:

  • Scapular muscle mean activity measurements demonstrate good reliability for assessing changes over time.
  • Meaningful changes in mean muscle activity can be detected with values exceeding 11.7% MVIC.
  • Muscle onset timing reliability is more variable, requiring careful consideration of processing parameters.