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Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Aneurysm I: Introduction01:30

Aneurysm I: Introduction

An aortic aneurysm is a localized outpouching or dilation at a weak point in the artery wall. It may involve different parts of the aorta, such as the abdominal aorta, aortic arch, or thoracic aorta.Etiological factorsSeveral disorders are associated with aortic aneurysms.Congenital causes, such as primary connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, impact the integrity and strength of connective tissues, notably affecting the aorta. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that specifically...

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A Minimally Invasive Model of Aortic Stenosis in Swine
06:51

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Published on: October 20, 2023

Aortic stenosis: a contemporary review.

Fadi Sawaya1, David Liff, Jim Stewart

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
|June 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Aortic stenosis (AS) is a common heart valve disease in older adults. While medical treatments are ineffective, surgical or transcatheter aortic valve replacement offers effective management for severe cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Valvular Heart Disease

Background:

  • Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most prevalent valvular heart disease in Western populations, primarily affecting individuals over 60.
  • AS is characterized by a slow, indolent progression over years, leading to rapid clinical decline and high mortality once symptoms manifest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the natural history of aortic stenosis presentation.
  • To emphasize the management of severe aortic stenosis.
  • To discuss advancements in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the natural history of AS.
  • Analysis of current management strategies for severe AS.
  • Review of recent advancements and outcomes in transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Main Results:

  • Surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) is the only established effective long-term treatment for severe AS.
  • Transcatheter AVR has emerged as a revolutionary treatment for inoperable severe AS.
  • TAVR shows promise for broader application with accumulating long-term data.

Conclusions:

  • Severe aortic stenosis requires definitive treatment, with AVR being the gold standard.
  • Transcatheter AVR is transforming the treatment landscape for severe AS, particularly for high-risk patients.
  • Continued research and long-term studies are essential to further establish TAVR's role in AS management.