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Blood Typing

Blood Typing

Understanding an individual's blood group is a critical component of transfusion medicine. It ensures compatibility in blood transfusions, organ transplants, and even during pregnancy. Determining these blood groups involves the ABO and Rh blood typing systems, utilizing specific antigens and corresponding anti-sera to identify an individual's blood type.
Antigens are protein molecules that reside on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). The ABO and Rh blood typing systems target antigens A,...

Southern Blot

Southern Blot

Agarose gel electrophoresis is very useful in separating DNA fragments by size. Running a DNA ladder containing fragments of the known length alongside the sample helps determine the approximate length of the sample DNA fragments. However, additional steps are needed to verify the sequence identity of the sample DNA fragments.
Denatured DNA fragments must be transferred onto a carrier membrane from the gel to make it accessible to a probe - a small ssDNA fragment complementary to the target DNA...

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blotting is an analytical technique for protein identification. It has various applications in immunology and medicine, including detecting diseases like bovine spongiform encephalopathy, mad cow disease, and human and feline immunodeficiency virus from biological samples.
The technique begins with separating proteins from the sample using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), followed by protein transfer, immunoblotting, and finally, protein detection.

The ABO Blood Group

The ABO Blood Group

The ABO blood group system is a critical element of transfusion medicine, essential for determining blood compatibility in transfusions and organ transplants. It is based on specific antigens, or agglutinogens, present on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs) and corresponding antibodies, or agglutinins, in the blood plasma.
Antigens in the ABO Blood Group System
Antigens are substances that can trigger an immune response, leading to the production of antibodies. In the ABO blood group system,...

Blood Types

Blood Types

Human blood is classified into different types based on the presence of antigens on the red blood cell's surface and antibodies in the plasma. Proper identification of blood type is essential for successful blood transfusion. The International Society of Blood Transfusion has identified 38 human blood types based on the surface antigens on the red blood cells. The most common types are ABO, Rh, and MNS blood types.
ABO blood group
ABO antigens are glycoproteins encoded by genes present on...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Infinium Assay for Large-scale SNP Genotyping Applications

Infinium Assay for Large-scale SNP Genotyping Applications

Published on: November 19, 2013

ABO blood group genotyping by quenching probe method.

Hirofumi Tsutsumi¹, Masatake Asano, Yoshiyuki Hagiwara

¹Nihon University School of Dentistry, Department of Legal Medicine and Dental Research Center, Division of Social Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan.

Molecular and Cellular Probes

|June 12, 2012

Summary

A novel multiplex ABO genotyping method using quenching probes (Q-probes) accurately determines ABO blood group genotypes. This efficient technique simultaneously detects multiple polymorphisms, simplifying blood typing procedures.

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Biochemistry

Background:

Accurate ABO blood group genotyping is crucial for safe blood transfusions and transplantation.
Existing genotyping methods may have limitations in simultaneously detecting multiple ABO polymorphisms.
Developing efficient and accurate multiplex genotyping assays is an ongoing area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a novel multiplex ABO genotyping method using quenching probes (Q-probes).
To enable simultaneous detection of key ABO gene polymorphisms (positions 261, 703, and 796) in a single polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
To assess the accuracy and convenience of the developed Q-probe method compared to standard techniques.

Main Methods:

Design of specific Q-probes with cytosine residues at the 5' or 3' ends, labeled with distinct fluorescence dyes.
Development of a triplex PCR assay for simultaneous amplification and detection of ABO polymorphisms.
Utilizing unique Q-probe dissociation patterns for polymorphism identification.
Comparison of Q-probe genotyping results with standard serotyping and TaqMan PCR methods.

Main Results:

Successful multiplex detection of ABO polymorphisms (positions 261, 703, 796) using fluorescence-labeled Q-probes in a single PCR.
Each Q-probe exhibited distinct dissociation patterns correlating with specific polymorphism types.
Complete concordance between the Q-probe method, standard serotyping, and TaqMan PCR results.
Demonstration of the assay's accuracy and convenience for ABO genotype determination.

Conclusions:

The developed multiplex ABO genotyping method with Q-probes is highly accurate and efficient.
This method allows for the simultaneous determination of multiple ABO polymorphisms in a single reaction.
The Q-probe assay offers a convenient and reliable alternative for ABO blood group genotyping.