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iPS Cell Differentiation

iPS Cell Differentiation

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...

Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...

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Retroviral Infection of Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Embryoid Body Cells for Analysis of Hematopoietic Differentiation

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Published on: October 20, 2014

Mesodermal and hematopoietic differentiation from ES and iPS cells.

Tomoko Inoue-Yokoo¹, Kenzaburo Tani, Daisuke Sugiyama

¹Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Advanced Medical Initiatives, Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.

Stem Cell Reviews and Reports

|June 12, 2012

Summary

Embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can generate hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mature hematopoietic cells (HCs). This advancement holds promise for regenerative medicine, including transplantation and transfusion therapies.

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Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells into Cortical Interneuron Precursors

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Published on: December 3, 2017

Area of Science:

Stem cell biology
Regenerative medicine
Hematology

Background:

Embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are valuable for regenerative medicine due to their differentiation potential.
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mature hematopoietic cells (HCs) are crucial for blood and immune system function.
Generating HCs from ES and iPS cells offers potential therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize current research on generating hematopoietic cells (HCs) from embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
To highlight the potential of these cells in regenerative medicine and hematology.

Main Methods:

Utilizing mesodermal cells as precursors for hematopoietic cell generation.
Employing established stem cell culture techniques for differentiation.
Reviewing studies involving both mouse and human ES and iPS cells.

Main Results:

Functional hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mature hematopoietic cells (HCs) have been successfully generated from both mouse and human ES and iPS cells.
The differentiation process involves intermediate mesodermal cells.

Conclusions:

The generation of functional HCs from ES and iPS cells is a viable approach for regenerative medicine.
Future applications include patient-specific cell therapies and drug screening using iPS cells.