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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
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Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
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REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

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Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

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NREM Sleep
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Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
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Updated: May 21, 2026

Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Children
09:45

Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Children

Published on: April 29, 2013

Autonomic dysfunction in children with sleep disordered breathing.

Lisa M Walter1, Gillian M Nixon, Margot J Davey

  • 1The Ritchie Centre, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. lisa.walter@monash.edu

Sleep & Breathing = Schlaf & Atmung
|June 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in children alters heart rate variability (HRV), indicating reduced autonomic activity. This may be linked to elevated blood pressure and cardiovascular risks in childhood.

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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Autonomic Neuroscience

Background:

  • Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) negatively impacts adult cardiovascular health via autonomic dysfunction.
  • Limited research exists on SDB's effects on autonomic activity in children.
  • Heart rate variability (HRV) is a key indicator of autonomic control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of SDB severity and sleep stages on heart rate variability (HRV) in children aged 7-12 years.
  • To assess autonomic control of heart rate in relation to SDB in pediatric populations.
  • To correlate HRV changes with SDB and sleep architecture.

Main Methods:

  • Eighty children (7-12 years) underwent overnight polysomnography.
  • Participants were categorized into control, primary snorer (PS), mild SDB, and moderate/severe SDB (MS SDB) groups based on the obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI).
  • Spectral heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed during Wake, NREM (stages 1&2), slow wave sleep (SWS), and REM sleep.

Main Results:

  • Reduced total power, low frequency (LF), and high frequency (HF) power were observed in all SDB groups during REM sleep compared to controls.
  • The LF/HF ratio was significantly lower in MS SDB during SWS, suggesting altered sympathovagal balance.
  • Elevated blood pressure was noted across all sleep states in children with SDB.

Conclusions:

  • Children with SDB exhibit altered HRV, potentially indicating depressed autonomic tone.
  • Elevated blood pressure and repeated SDB events may contribute to cardiovascular disturbances.
  • Further research is needed to understand the long-term cardiovascular implications of impaired HRV and elevated blood pressure in childhood.