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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

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Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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Classification and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymers

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Solvent Bonding for Fabrication of PMMA and COP Microfluidic Devices

Solvent Bonding for Fabrication of PMMA and COP Microfluidic Devices

Published on: January 17, 2017

One step high quality poly(dimethylsiloxane)-hydrocarbon plastics bonding.

Bi-Yi Xu¹, Xiao-Na Yan, Jing-Juan Xu

¹State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.

Biomicrofluidics

|June 12, 2012

Summary

This study introduces a green and cost-effective air plasma method for irreversibly bonding poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) to polystyrene, cyclic olefin copolymer, and polypropylene plastics, achieving robust seals.

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Solvent Bonding for Fabrication of PMMA and COP Microfluidic Devices

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Published on: January 17, 2017

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Accessible Silicone Chip-to-Membrane Sealing Procedure for Flexible, Reliable Bonding

Accessible Silicone Chip-to-Membrane Sealing Procedure for Flexible, Reliable Bonding

Published on: March 20, 2026

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Surface Engineering
Microfluidics

Background:

Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is widely used in microfluidic devices.
Traditional PDMS chip bonding often requires complex procedures or harsh chemicals.
Developing simple, green, and effective bonding methods for PDMS with various plastics is crucial for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a facile, eco-friendly, and cost-effective method for irreversible poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) plastic chip bonding.
To demonstrate the efficacy of one-step air plasma treatment for bonding PDMS with common hydrocarbon plastics.
To evaluate the bonding strength and durability of the resulting hybrid chips.

Main Methods:

One-step air plasma treatment was employed for surface activation.
Polymer surfaces including polystyrene (PS), cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), and polypropylene (PP) were treated with air plasma.
Bonding of treated PDMS to plastic substrates was performed without additional reagents.
Compressed air resistance and stability under various conditions (temperature, pH) were assessed.

Main Results:

Irreversible bonding of PDMS to PS, COC, and PP was successfully achieved using air plasma treatment.
The hybrid chips exhibited high compressed air resistance, around 500 kPa.
The PDMS-plastic bonds demonstrated excellent quality and durability, even after storage and exposure to acidic and basic solutions.

Conclusions:

One-step air plasma treatment offers a green, economical, and efficient approach for PDMS-plastic chip bonding.
This method provides robust and reliable bonding for fabricating hybrid microfluidic devices.
The technique is suitable for bonding PDMS with various hydrocarbon plastics, broadening its applicability.