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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Cancer Cell Migration through Invadopodia01:35

Cancer Cell Migration through Invadopodia

Invadosome is a broad category of cell surface structures with proteolytic activity that  degrades the extracellular matrix (ECM). Invadosomes are present in normal cell types, including macrophages, endothelial cells, and neurons, as well as tumor cells. Although the macrophage podosomes and tumor cell invadopodia are classified as invadosomes, they have different structures, molecular pathways, and functions. Podosomes are short structures that last for a few minutes. However, invadopodia can...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

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Related Experiment Videos

Actinomycosis masquerading as malignancy.

Devaki O'Riordan1, Adam Zermansky, Paul Bishop

  • 1Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Salford Royal Hospital, Stott Lane, Salford, Manchester M6 8HD, UK. devakignan@yahoo.co.uk

Acute Medicine
|June 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A patient with suspected metastatic cancer, who developed sepsis, was ultimately diagnosed with actinomycosis. Prompt tissue biopsy and appropriate antibiotics led to a full recovery, highlighting the risks of presumptive cancer diagnoses.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Oncology
  • Diagnostic Pathology

Background:

  • Neurological symptoms and radiological findings can mimic metastatic malignancy.
  • Empiric treatment for suspected cancer carries risks, especially when a primary tumor is not identified.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with disseminated lesions suggestive of metastatic cancer.
  • The patient developed sepsis while on palliative dexamethasone therapy.
  • No primary tumor site was identified initially.

Findings:

  • Open lung biopsy confirmed actinomycosis, not malignancy.
  • The patient recovered completely after treatment with penicillin V.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the critical importance of obtaining a definitive tissue diagnosis in suspected malignancy.
  • It highlights the potential pitfalls of empiric diagnoses and the need for thorough differential diagnosis.
  • Actinomycosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of disseminated lesions, even when malignancy is suspected.